Turgor Pressure and the Important Tree Cell

Turgor Pressure and the Important Tree Cell Turgor pressure, also called turgidity when occurring in trees and most plants are the pressure of cell contents exerted against the plant cell wall including tree leaf and stem cells. A turgid plant cell contains more water and minerals in solution than flaccid (deflated) plant cells and exerts a greater osmotic pressure on its cell membrane and walls. So, turgor is a force exerted outward on a plant cell by the water contained within the sturdy cell wall. Water and its solutions fill up tree cells up to its optimum expansion capability determined by the cell wall. This force consequently gives a succulent plant rigidity and helps non-woody plants to keep erect. Woody-stemmed plants have extra structural support in the form of wood cells and bark. When you actually see a mature woody-stemmed plant like a trees leaf wilt due to low turgor pressure, major damage may have been done and tree health compromised. Extreme turgidity can result in the bursting of a cell but is rare in nature. The tree cell wall is designed to handle pressures beyond the cell membrane. Turgor and Osmosis in Trees Turgor pressure is not the mechanism that rises solutions from roots to leaves. Trying to describe this simply, the process of osmosis creates tree and plant turgidity by the osmotic propensity of moving a heavy water volume of weak solution from the roots toward a low water volume of high solution in the leaves and branches. A solution, in this case, is simply a water mixture of solutes in the leaves being concentrated and high and the water-holding solutes entering the root being diluted and low. In this particular botanical example, water is the solvent with a mixture of dissolved concentrations of various nutritive substances called the solute.   As the trees liquid reaches a static or equal solution mixture from root to crown, turgor pressure becomes optimal and pressure increase stops. The Important Tree Cell Wall and Membrane A trees cell wall is a tough, flexible wicker basket that is rigid but flexible and has the ability to stretch and expand as the cell membrane inside expands. It surrounds the delicate cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. The cell wall will also act as a filter but the major function of the cell wall is to act as pressure support for the cell and its contents. The trees cellular membrane is a protective and functional cell layer that separates tree cell contents from the outside environment but is permeable to the organic molecules and minerals necessary to support tree life. Osmosis through the cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of tree cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is devoted to the protection of the cell contents from outside invasions of foreign materials.

How to Use Fois in French Idioms

How to Use Fois in French Idioms The French word fois  means time or instance and is used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say at the same time, just in case, think twice before doing something and more with these idiomatic expressions using   fois. la foisthe time; the instance une foisonce, one timedeux fois, trois fois, etc.twice, three times, etc.une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugà ©Ã‚  ! (auction)Going, going, gone!une / deux fois par semaine / anonce / twice a week / yearune fois tous les deux jours / semainesonce every other day / weekdeux / trois fois moins detwo / three times lessdeux / trois fois plus detwice / three times more / as muchdeux / trois fois sur cinqtwo / three times out of five2 fois 3 font 62 times 3 equals 6 la foisat the same time; all at onceautant de fois queas often as; as many times asbien des foismany timescent fois annoncà ©often proclaimedcent fois mieuxa hundred times bettercent fois pirea hundred times worsecent fois rà ©pà ©tà ©often repeatedcent fois tropa hundred times too; far toocette fois-cithis timecette fois-lthat timedes fois (informal)sometimesdes fois que (informal)just in case;  there might beencore une foisonce more; once again; one more timelautre foisthe other dayla dernià ¨re foisthe last timela premià ¨re foisthe first timela seule foisthe only timela toute premià ¨re foisthe very first timemaintes foismany timespeu de foisrarely; a few timesplusieurs foisseveral timessi des fois... (informal)if perhaps...une nouvelle foisonce againune seule foisonly once; only one timeavoir cent / mille fois raisonto be absolutely rightavoir trois fois riento have hardly any money; to have hardly a scratchà ªtre deux / trois fois grand-pà ¨re / grand-mà ¨reto be a grandfather /grandmother two / three timesfaire deux choses la foisto do two things at oncefrapper quelquun par deux foisto hit someone twicepayer en plusieurs foisto pay in several installmentspayer en une seule foisto pay all in one go, make a single paymentprà ©fà ©rer cent fois faire (Je prà ©fà ©rerais faire...)to much rather do (Id much rather do...)sy prendre / en deux fois pour faire quelque choseto take two attempts to do something / tries to do somethingsy prendre / en plusieurs fois pour faire quelque choseto take several attempts to do something / tries to do somethingy regarder deux fois avant deto think twice beforey regarder plusieurs fois avant deto think very hard beforeÇa va pour cet te fois.Ill let you off this time. / Just this once.Cest bon pour cette fois.Ill let you off this time. / Just this once.Cest trois fois rien  !Dont mention it!Encore une fois non  !How many times do I have to tell you no!Il à ©tait une fois...Once upon a time...Il y avait une fois...Once upon a time...Je te lai dit cent fois.If Ive told you once, Ive told you a hundred times.Non mais, des fois  ! (informal)1) Do you mind! How dare you!2) You must be joking!Revenez une autre fois.Come back some other time.Tu me diras une autre fois.Tell me some other time.Une fois nest pas coutume. (proverb)Just the once wont hurt.Une fois que (quelque chose aura lieu), on peut / je vais ...Once (something has happened), we can / Im going to ...